Lithium-based batteries are divided into lithium batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Cell phones and laptops use lithium-ion batteries, commonly known as lithium-ion batteries. Batteries generally use materials containing lithium as electrodes, which are the representatives of modern high-performance batteries. The real lithium battery is rarely used in daily electronic products due to its high risk.

Lithium-ion batteries were first developed by Sony Corporation of Japan in 1990. It is to intercalate lithium ions into carbon (petroleum coke and graphite) to form a negative electrode (traditional lithium batteries use lithium or lithium alloys as the negative electrode). The cathode material is commonly used LixCoO2, also LixNiO2, and LixMnO4, and the electrolyte is LiPF6 + diethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
Petroleum coke and graphite as negative electrode materials are non-toxic and have sufficient resources. Lithium ions are embedded in carbon, which overcomes the high activity of lithium and solves the safety problems of traditional lithium batteries. The positive electrode LixCoO2 can reach the charge, discharge performance and lifespan. The higher level reduces the cost, and in short, the overall performance of the lithium-ion battery is improved. Lithium-ion batteries are expected to occupy a large market in the 21st century.